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1.0 Definition
"Intelligent infrastructure has attached or built-in components that are able to collect and transmit information about the state of the infrastructure to a central computer, and in some cases receive back instruction from the computer, which triggers controlling devices."
Intelligent Infrastructure encompasses:
Smart Structures
"Smart structures and materials consist of sensors and actuators that are either embedded in, or attached to a structure, to form an integral part of the structure. The structure or material and its related components form a system that will react in a predicted manner and in a manner that emulates biological function."Summary of basic components of a smart structure:
- Data acquisition: collection of data required for control of the structure
- Data transmission: forward raw data to the control unit
- Central control centre: analyze data to determine action
- Data instruction: transmit decisions back to the members
- Controlling devices: triggered by the data instruction
From Akhras (1999)
Intelligent Transportation Systems. (ITS)
(From the Ontario Ministry of Transportation Web Page)
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The term ITS is used in two contexts. When used in the plural - ITS refers to the rapidly emerging transportation products, services and systems which are based on advanced technologies such as computers, communications and electronics; and which are called "intelligent" because their essential functions are based on attributes normally associated with intelligence - sensory capabilities, memory, communications, information processing and adaptive behavior. When used in the singular, ITS refers to the currently evolving Intelligent Transportation System which integrates all modes of the existing transportation systems that move people and goods; and encompasses the rapidly emerging intelligent transportation (sub)systems, products and services. Both technological and institutional integration are involved. ITS products, services and systems are to be found throughout the public and private sectors. Initiatives are being pursued in traffic management and transit operations, in traveler maintenance and in integrated transportation systems. ITS activities improve transport safety, save cost, increase competitiveness, etc. |
Cameras like this are used to provide feedback about traffic patterns |
SmartPipe Concept
From Pendlebury (1998):
"...a SmartPipe is a fluid-conveying pipe with instrumentation for the determination of parameters describing the hydraulics and chemical nature of the fluid. ..., it has the ability to collect and transmit this information to a central computer for monitoring, optimization, and control."
(Chen 1997)
A SmartPipe can also be defined as a pipe that incorporates, at the time of manufacture, data transmission lines, instrumentation, and access ports for monitoring equipment".
(Karney & Laine, 1997)
Applications:
Water distribution systems, sewers, irrigation pipelines and storm water systems.
Types of data collected:
- Hydraulic
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- e.g.
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- pressure
- flow rate
- Water quality
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- e.g.
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- chlorine residual
- pH
- temperature
- conductivity
- dissolved oxygen
- ammonia
- calcium
- magnesium
- heavy metals
- chloride
- turbidity
- Structural
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- e.g.
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- stress
- deformation